Sacks i Garfinkel, początki
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26485/PS/2025/74.3/4Słowa kluczowe:
etnometodologia, działanie praktyczne, radykalne zerwanieAbstrakt
Na początku, w latach 60. i 70., Harold Garfinkel i Harvey Sacks, niezależnie od siebie i od czasu do czasu wspólnie, wprowadzali pionierską alternatywę wobec dominujących teorii działania społecznego i modeli analizy formalnej poprzez radykalną re-specyfikację badań życia społecznego i społecznego porządku. Garfinkel i Sacks odrzucili koncepcję, zgodnie z którą to reguły miały być adekwatnym sposobem wyjaśniania i warunkowania działania społecznego. W zamian skupili się na metodycznych praktykach i kompetencjach, poprzez które porządek społeczny jest ustanawiany i rozpoznawany, traktując cechy okoliczności oraz działań w owych okolicznościach jako usytuowane dokonania uczestników tych okoliczności i tych działań. Sacks „dostrzegał możliwość nauki o działaniach praktycznych, która objaśniałaby formalne struktury okazywane w działaniach” [Lynch 2017: 11, opublikowane następnie jako Lynch 2019], podczas gdy Garfinkel sprzeciwiał się jakiemukolwiek programowi analizy formalnej. Gdy jednak rozpatrywani są razem widać, że – jak dowodzi ten artykuł – przełomowy zbiór ich badań ukazuje istniejący świat określonych sposobności, praktycznych zadań, ucieleśnionych umiejętności i układów działań jako regularnie organizowanych przez jednostki in situ, w czasie realnym i w materialnym szczególe.
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