Traits of the Neolithic-Eneolithic archaeological layers’ formation at the sites of Algay and Oroshaemoe in the low Volga basin (Low Povoljie)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26485/AGL/2020/110/4Keywords:
Low Povoljie, Neolithic-Eneolithic, geochemistry, radiocarbon chronology, Orlovskaya Culture, the Cis-Caspian CultureAbstract
The Low Volga basin is an important area for the study on the genesis of Neolithic and Eneolithic archaeological cultures in Eastern Europe. Until now well stratified Neolithic-Eneolithic sites had not been found in the Low Volga (Low Povoljie) region. This has been a cause of serious discussion about the periodisation, genesis and interaction between cultural groups during the Late Stone Age in this area. Excavations of new open sites of Algay and Oroshaemoe began in 2014. Both sites are unique for the Low Povoljie. It is important that the archaeological layers are within loess loam and they are interlayered with sterile natural layers. This fact precludes a mixing of artefacts of different ages. Most of the artefacts and ecofacts found in a clear stratigraphic context allow for a presentation of the detailed characteristics of the Orlovskaya Neolithic culture, and the Cis-Caspian and the Khvalynskaya Eneolithic cultures. For the first time, reliable data have been obtained for a periodisation of the Neolithic-Eneolithic of the Low Povoljie. A set of radiocarbon dates for all archaeological layers allows for a determination of the precise chronological frameworks of Neolithic-Eneolithic cultures in this region. The geochemical analysis of archaeological layers and sterile interlayers made possible a reconstruction of climatic characteristics for different periods of the Holocene. The processes of development of archaeological layers in the periods of the Orlovskaya and the Cis- -Caspian cultures were considered.
References
Bronk Ramsey C. 2009. Bayesian analysis of radiocarbon dates. Radiocarbon 51(1): 337-360. http://dx.doi. org/10.1017/S0033822200033865
Kulkova M.A. 2012. Metodi prikladnih paleolandshaftnih geohimicheskih issledovanii [Methods of applied paleolandscape geochemical research]. Saint-Petersburg, Herzen University Press.
Kulkova M.A., Vybornov A.A., Yudin A., Doga N., Po-pov A. 2019. New interdisciplinary research on Neolithic-Eneolithic sites in the Low Volga River region. Documenta Praehistorica 46: 376-387.
Nesbitt H.W., Young G.M. 1982. Early Proterozoic climates and plate motions inferred from major chemistry of lutites. Nature 299: 715-717.
Vybornov A.A., Yudin A.I., Vasil'eva I.N., Kosintsev P.A., Kul'kova M.A., Goslar T., Doga N.S. 2015. Novye materialy neolita Nizhnego Povolzh'ya. Izvestiya Samarskogo nauchnogo centra RAS 17(3): 46-49.
Vybornov A.A., Oinonen M., Doga N.S., Kulkova М.A., Popov A.S. 2016a. O khronologicheskom aspekte proishozhdeniya proizvodyashego hoziaystva v Nizhnem Povolzhie. Vestnik Volgogradskogo Universiteta. Seriya 4. Istoriya. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnie otnosheniya 21(3): 6-13.
Vybornov A.A., Yudin A.I., Vasilieva I.N., Kosintsev Р.A., Kulkova М.A., Doga N.S., Popov A.S. 2016b. Issledovaniya poseleniya Oroshaemoe v Nizhnem Povolzhie. Izvestiya Samarskogo nauchnogo zentra RAS 1 (3): 140-145.
Vybornov A.A., Yudin A.I., Vasilieva I.N., Kosintsev Р.A., Kulkova М.A., Doga N.S., Popov A.S. 2017. Novie materiali issledovanii na poselenii Oroshaemoe v Nizhnem Povolzhie. Izvestiya Samarskogo nauchnogo zentra RAS 19(3): 185-190.
Vybornov A.A., Vasilieva I.N., Kulkova М.A., Philippsen B. 2018. О vremeni poyavleniya i dinamike rasprostraneniya drevneyshih keramicheskih tradiciy v stepnom Nizhnem Povolzhie. Vestnik Volgogradskogo Universiteta. Seriya 4. Istoriya. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnie otnosheniya.
Vestnik Volgogradskogo Universiteta. Seriya 4. Is-toriya. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnie otnosheniya 23(2): 6-16.
Vybornov A.A., Vasilieva I.N., Doga N.S., Roslyakova N.B., Kosintsev Р.A., Kulkova М.A., Popov A.S., Yudin A.I., Oinonen M., Possnert G., Streltsov M. 2019. Itogi issledovanija poselenija Oroshaemoe v 2018 godu. Samarsky nauchnii vestnik 7 (4): 211-219.
Yudin A.I. 1998. Orlovskaya kultura and istoki formirovaniya stepnogo eneolita Zavolzhya. The problems of ancient history of the Northern Cas-pian Sea region. Materials of scientific articles. Samara Pedagogical University Publishing House: 83-105.
Yudin A.I. 2004. Varfolomeevskaya stoyanka i neolit stepnogo Povolzya. Saratov, State University Press.
Yudin A.I. 2012. Stoyanka Kumiska i eneolit stepnogo Povolzya. Saratov, State University Press.
Yudin A.I., Vybornov A.A., Vasilieva I.N., Kosintsev P.A., Kulkova M.A., Goslar T., Philippsen B., Baratskov A.V. 2016. Neoliticheskaya stoyanka Algay v Nizhnem Povolzhie. Samarsky nauchnii vestnik 3(16): 61-68.
Yudin A.I., Vybornov A.A., Baratskov A.B. 2017. Neoliticheskaya stoyanka Algay v stepnom Volgo-Ural’skom mezhdurechie. V (XXI) Russian archaeological congress. Materials of conference. Barnaul: 1199-1200.
Yudovich Ya.E., Kertis M.P. 2000. Osnovi litogeohimii. Nauka Press, Moscow.
