Społeczna stygmatyzacja opieki hospicyjnej w kontekście choroby nowotworowej
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26485/PS/2022/71.2/8Słowa kluczowe:
opieka hospicyjna, stygmatyzacja, choroba nowotworowa, tranzycja, tożsamość, umieranieAbstrakt
Opieka hospicyjna ma za zadanie pomóc jednostkom w bólu – fizycznym i psychicznym pojawiającym się podczas zaawansowanego stadium choroby tak, aby z godnością mogły zmierzyć się z nadchodzącą śmiercią. Hospicjum postrzega pacjenta jako całość, jako jednostkę, która potrzebuje zarówno opieki medycznej jak i zaspokojenia poza-medycznych potrzeb, co zdecydowanie wyróżnia ten rodzaj opieki od innych dostępnych. Jednakże, tak jak opieka hospicyjna została włączona do obszaru opieki medycznej i jest obecnie szeroko dostępna dla pacjentów, zaczęła spotykać się ze społeczną niechęcią, strachem. Artykuł stanowi przegląd teorii, koncepcji i badań w kontekście społecznej konstrukcji choroby nowotworowej, leczenia paliatywnego i opieki hospicyjnej. Analizowane w ramach niniejszego artykułu teksty zostały dobrane tak, aby pokazać zarówno zmieniające się w czasie podejście do omawianej problematyki, jak również wskazanie wątków charakterystycznych dla USA oraz Europy, w tym Polski. Celem artykułu było przedstawienie refleksji na temat społecznego napiętnowania opieki hospicyjnej, zmian tożsamości pacjentów i przejścia od leczenia onkologicznego do opieki paliatywnej i hospicyjnej, a tym samym zwrócenie uwagi na mechanizmy, których doświadcza pacjent przed zbliżającą się śmiercią
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