Rozszerzone spękania oraz inne zjawiska peryglacjalne wzdłuż krawędzi Niagary
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26485/BP/1972/21/7Słowa kluczowe:
leje krasowe, pokrywy soliflukcyjne, kliny lodowe w szczelinach tektonicznych, woodfordianAbstrakt
Grzbiet krawędzi Niagary, rozciągający się od hrabstwa Fayette w stanie Iowa na południowy wschód do hrabstwa Carroll w Illinois, jest usiany małymi lejami krasowymi. Ściana urwiska jest pokryta krioturbatami, a u jego podnóża miejscowo występują pokrywy soliflukcyjne.
Leje krasowe, które są otwarte, umożliwiają dostęp do głębokich, wąskich szczelin częściowo wypełnionych fragmentami rozdrobnionego dolomitu. Szczeliny te powstały w wyniku rozwoju klinów lodowych w szczelinach tektonicznych równoległych do lokalnej ściany urwiska oraz wynikającego z tego przemieszczenia bloków dolomitu ograniczonych spękaniami na zewnątrz, ponad warstwą łupków Maquoketa.
W wielu odsłonięciach wzdłuż krawędzi Niagary widoczne są warstwy rozdrobnionego dolomitu, znajdujące się nad skałą macierzystą i poniżej poziomu gleby. W niektórych miejscach ta warstwa tzw. "head" przemieszczała się w dół stoku na skutek soliflukcji, akumulując się u podstawy urwiska w formie terasowych nagromadzeń materiału blokowego. Części drobniejsze czasami zostały wypłukane z pokryw soliflukcyjnych, pozostawiając pomiędzy blokami niewielkie, jaskiniowe przestrzenie.
Zjawiska peryglacjalne w stanie Wisconsin ograniczone są do osadów z okresów przedwalderańskich; występują powszechnie na obszarach zajętych przez lodowiec typu Rockian. Fakt ten, w połączeniu z obecnością osadów woodfordiańskich na trzech stronach obszaru urwiska Niagara w stanach Iowa, Wisconsin i Illinois, sugeruje, że rozszerzone spękania oraz inne zjawiska peryglacjalne rozwinęły się w okresie woodfordian.
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