Grunty strukturalne w rejonie Mesters Vig, północno-wschodnia Grenlandia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26485/BP/1969/18/18Słowa kluczowe:
klasyfikacja genetyczna gruntów strukturalnych, poligenetyczna geneza, GrenlandiaAbstrakt
Zaproponowano klasyfikację genetyczną gruntów strukturalnych w rejonie Mesters Vig. Zdaniem autora podstawowymi procesami w tworzeniu gruntów strukturalnych są: (1) pękanie z wysychania odpowiedzialne za większość drobnych, niesortowanych wielokątów, niektóre drobne niesortowane pasma oraz, w połączeniu z jednym lub kilkoma procesami sortowania, za małe wielokąty sortowane; (2) pękanie mrozowe odpowiadające za duże niesortowane wielokąty, duże niesortowane pasma oraz, w połączeniu z procesami sortowania, za duże wielokąty sortowane; (3) pękanie dylatacyjne obserwowane w części drobnych niesortowanych wielokątów; (4) procesy sedymentacyjne występujące w przypadku niektórych niesortowanych kręgów; (5) przemieszczanie masowe prawdopodobnie wynikające ze zmian ciśnienia międzyziarnowego kontrolowanych przez wilgotność, typowe dla większości niesortowanych kręgów i form pokrewnych; (6) działalność wód powierzchniowych obserwowana w przypadku niektórych drobnych niesortowanych pasm oraz małych pasm sortowanych; (7) denudacja charakterystyczna dla niektórych dużych pasm sortowanych; (8) podnoszenie mrozowe odpowiedzialne za inne duże sortowane pasma.
Wyniki badań wskazują na poligenetyczne pochodzenie opisywanych form.
Bibliografia
Antevs, Ernest, 1932 - Alpine zone of Mt. Washington Range. Auburn, Maine, Merrill & Webber Company; 118 pp.
Beskow, Gunnar, 1935 - Tjälbildningen och Tjällyftningen (Soil freezing and frost heaving). Sveriges Geol. Undersökning, Årsbok 26 (1932), no: 3 (Avh. och uppsatser, ser. C, no. 375); 242 pp.
Beskow, Gunnar, 1947 - Soil freezing and frost heaving with special application to roads and railroads (Translated by J. O. Osterberg). Northwestern Univ., Technol. Inst.; 145 pp.
Black, R. F., 1952 - Polygonal patterns and ground conditions from aerial photographs. Photogrammetrical Eng., v. 18; p. 123-134.
Boyé, Marc, 1950 - Glaciaire et périglaciaire de l'Ata Sund nord-oriental, Groenland. Expéditions Polaires Françaises 1: Paris, Hermann & Cie, Actualites Scientifiques et Industrielles 1111: 176 pp.
Bremer, Hanna, 1965 - Musterböden in tropisch-subtropischen Gebieten und Frostmusterböden. Zeitschr. f. Geomorphologie, N. F., Bd. 9; p. 222-236.
Brown, Jerry, 1966 - Soils of the Okpilak River region, Alaska. U. S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory Research Rept. 188; 49 pp.
Büdel, Julius, 1960 - Die Frostschutt-Zone Südost Spitzbergens. Colloqium Geographicum, v. 6; 105 pp.
Büdel, Julius, 1961 - Die Abtragungsvorgänge auf Spitzbergen im Umkreis der Barentsinsel. Deutscher Geographentag Köln, Tagungsbericht und wissenschaftliche Abhandlungen; Wiesbaden, Franz Steiner Verlag GMBH; p. 337-375.
Caine, T. N., 1963 - The origin of sorted stripes in The Lake District, northern England. Geog. Annaler, v. 45; p. 172-179.
Chambers, M. J. G., 1967 - Investigations of patterned ground at Signy Island, South Orkney Islands: III. Miniature patterns, frost heaving and general conclusions. British Antarctic Survey, Bull. 12; p. 1-22.
Church, R. E., Péwé, T. L., and Andresen, J. J., 1965 - Origin and environmental significance of large-scale patterned ground, Donelly Dome area, Alaska. U. S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory Research Rept. 159; 71 pp.
Corte, A. E., 1961 - The frost behavior of soils: laboratory and field data for a new concept, part I: Vertical sorting. U. S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory Research Rept. 85, pt. 1; 22 pp.
Corte, A. E., 1962a - Vertical migration of particles in front of a moving freezing plane. Jour. Geophys. Research, v. 67, no. 3; p. 1085-1090.
Corte , A. E, 1962b - Relationship between four ground patterns, structure of the active layer, and type and distribution of ice in the permafrost. U. S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory Research Rept. 88; 79 pp.
Corte, A. E., 1962c - The frost behavior of soils: laboratory and field data for a new concept, part II: Horizontal sorting. U. S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory Research Rept. 85, pt. 2; 20 pp.
Corte, A. E., 1962d - The frost behavior of soils, part II: Horizontal sorting. Natl. Acad. Sci.-Natl. Research Council Highway Research Board Bull. 331; p. 46-66.
Corte, A. E., 1963a - Vertical migration of particles in front of a moving freezing plane. U. S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory Research Rept. 105; 8 pp.
Corte, A. E., 1963b - Particle sorting by repeated freezing and thawing. Science, v. 142; p. 499-501.
Corte, A. E., and Higashi, Akira, 1964 - Experimental research on desiccation cracks in soil. U. S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory Research Rept. 66; 72 pp.
Costin, A. B., 1955 - A note on gilgaies and frost soils. Jour. Soil Sci., V. 6; p. 32-34.
Czeppe, Zdzisław, 1965 - Activity of running water in south-western Spitsbergen. Geographia Polonica, v. 6; p. 141-150.
Davies, W. E., 1961a - Surface features of permafrost in arid areas. Folia Geog. Danica, v. 9; p. 48-56. (19th Internat. Geog. Cong., Norden 1960, Symposium SD 2; Physical geography of Greenland).
Davies, W. E., 1961b - Polygonal features on bedrock, North Greenland. U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 424-D, art. 336; p. D-218-D-219.
Douglas, L. A., and Tedrow, J. C. F., 1961 - Tundra soils of northern Alaska. Internat. Cong. Soil Science (Comm. V), 7th, Madison. Wisc. 1960, Trans., v. 4; p. 291-304.
Dow, W. G., 1964 - The effect of salinity on the formation of mud-cracks. The Compass of Sigma Gamma Epsilon, v. 41; p. 162-166.
Dżułyński, S., 1963 - Polygonal structures in experiments and their bearing upon some periglacial phenomena. Bull. Acad. polonaise sci., Sér. sci. géol. et géog., v. 11, no. 3; p. 145-150.
Ellis, J. H., and Shafer, Wm., 1928 - The nitrogen content of Red River Valley soils. Sci. Agriculture v. 9; p. 231-248.
Elton, C. S., 1927 - The nature and origin of soil-polygons in Spitsbergen. Geol. Soc. London, Quart. Jour., v. 83; p. 163-194.
Enzmann, R. D., 1960 - Morphology of frost polygons as related to ground slope in eastern Greenland. Iowa Acad. Sci. Proc., v. 67; p. 357-361.
Flint, R. F., Sanders, J. E., and Rodgers, John, 1960a - Symmictite: a name for nonsorted terrigenous sedimentary rocks that contain a wide range of particle sizes. Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 71; p. 507- 509.
Flint, R. F., Sanders, J. E., and Rodgers John, 1960b - Diamictite a substitute term for symmictite. Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 71; p. 1809.
Flohr, E. F., 1935 - Beobachtungen über die Bahnen der Schneeschmelzwässer im Riesengebirge. Ein Beitrag zum Problem der Blockrinnen ("Steinstreifen"). Gesell, Erdkunde Berlin Zeitschr., 1935; p. 353-369.
Frödin, John, 1918 - Über das Verhältnis zwischen Vegetation und Erdfliessen in den alpinen Regionen des schwedischen Lappland. Lunds Univ. Arssk., N.F. Avd. 2, v. 14, no. 24; 30 pp.
Furrer, Gerhard, 1954 - Solifluktionsformen im schweizerischen Nationalpark. Schweizer. Naturf. Gesell. Ergebnisse der wissenschaftlichen Untersuchungen des Schweizerischen Nationalparks, v. 4 (Neue Folge), no. 29; p. 201-275.
Grandwell, M. W., 1957 - Patterned ground at a high-country station. New Zealand Jour. Sci. and Technology, v. 38, sec. B; p. 793-806.
Gripp, Karl, 1927 - Beiträge zur Geologie von Spitzbergen. Naturw. Ver. Hamburg Abh., v. 21, no. 3-4; p. 1-38.
Hallsworth, E. G., Robertson, G. K., and Gibbons, R. F., 1955 - Studies in pedogenesis in New South Wales. VII. The "gilgai" soils. Jour. Soil. Sci., v. 6; p. 1-31.
Hamilton, A. B., 1966 - Freezing shrinkage in compacted clays. Canadian Geotechnical Jour., v. 3; p. 1-17
Hay, Thomas, 1936 - Stone stripes. Geog. Jour., v. 87; p. 47-50.
Högbom, Bertil, 1914 - Über die geologische Bedeutung des Frostes. Uppsala Univ., Geol. Inst. Bull., v. 12 (1913-14); p. 257-389.
Högbom, Bertil, 1926 - Beobachtungen aus Nordschweden über den Frost als geologischer Faktor. Uppsala Univ., Geol. Inst. Bull., v. 20 (1925- 1927); p. 243-280.
Holmes, C. D., and Colten, R. B., 1960 - Patterned ground near Dundas (Thule Air Force Base), Greenland. Medd. om Grønland, v. 158, no. 6; 14 pp.
Hopkins, D. M., and Sigafoos, R. S., 1951 - Frost action and vegetation patterns on Seward Peninsula, Alaska. U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 974-C; p. 51-100.
Hopkins, D. M., and others, 1955 - Permafrost and ground water in Alaska. U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 264-F; p. 113-146.
Howell, J. V., chm., 1960 - Glossary of geology and related sciences. 2d ed., Washington, D. C,. Am. Geol. Inst.; 325 pp. (with supplement).
Hunt, C. B., and Washburn, A. L., 1966 - Patterned ground, p. B104-B133, in: Hunt, C. B., and others: Hydrologic basin, Death Valley, California. U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 494-B; 138 p.
Jüngst, H., 1934 - Zur geologischen Bedeutung der Synärese. Geol. Rundschau, v. 25; p. 312-325.
Kindle, E. M., 1917 - Sorne factors affecting the development of mudcracks. Jour. Geology, v. 25; p. 135-144.
Klatka, Tadeusz, 1961 - Problèmes des sols striés de la partie septentrionale de la presqu'ile de Sörkapp (Spitzbergen). Biuletyn Peryglacjalny, no. 10; p. 291-320.
Kunský, J., and Louček, D., 1956 - Stone stripes and thufurs in the Krkonoše. Biuletyn Peryglacjalny, no. 4; p. 345-349.
Lachenbruch, A. H., 1960 - Contraction-crack polygons. U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 400-B; p. B403-B409.
Lachenbruch, A. H., 1961 - Depth and spacing of tension cracks. Jour. Geophys. Research, v. 66, no.12; p. 4273-4292.
Lachenbruch, A. H., 1962 - Mechanics of thermal contraction cracks and ice-wedge polygons in permafrost. Geol. Soc. America Spec. Papers, no. 70; 69 pp.
Lachenbruch, A. H., 1966 - Contraction theory of ice wedge polygons: A qualitative discussion, p. 63-71, in: Permafrost International Conference (Lafayette, Ind., 11-15 Nov. 1963) proceedings. Natl. Acad. Sci.-Natl. Research Council pub. 1287 (1966); 563 pp.
Lliboutry, Louis, 1955 - L'origine des sols striés et polygonaux des Andes de Santiago (Chili). Acad. sci. (Paris), Comptes rendus, v. 240; p. 1793-1794.
Lliboutry, Louis, 1961 - Phénomènes cryonivaux dans les Andes de Santiago (Chili): Biuletyn Peryglacjalny, no. 10; p. 209-224 (Polish summary, p. 371-372; Russian summary, p. 425-426).
Lliboutry, Louis, 1965 - Traité de glaciologie, v. 2 (Glaciers - variations du climat - sols gelés). Paris, Masson & Cie.; 612 p. (p. 429-1040).
Longwell, C. R., 1928 - Three common types of desert mud-cracks. Am. Jour. Sci., 5th ser., v. 15; p. 136-145.
Lundqvist, Jan, 1962 - Patterned ground and related frost phenomena in Sweden. Sveriges Geol. Undersökning Årsbok 55 (1961), no. 7 (Avh. och uppsatser, ser. 6, no. 583); 101 p.
Mackay, J. R., 1953 - Fissures and mud circles on Cornwallis Island, N.W.T. The Canadian Geographer, no. 3; p. 31-37.
Mackay, J. R., 1958 - A subsurface organic layer associated with permafrost in the Western Arctic. Canada Dept. Mines and Tech. Surveys, Geog. Br. Bull., no. 18; 21 pp.
Mackay, J. R., Mathews, W. H., and MacNeish, R. S., 1961 - Geology of the Engigstciak archeological site, Yukon Territory. Arctic, v. 14; p. 25-53.
Meinardus, Wilh., 1912a - Beobachtungen über Detritussortierung und Strukturboden auf Spitzbergen. Gesell. Erdkunde Berlin, Zeitschr., 1912; p. 250-259.
Meinardus, Wilh., 1912b - Über einige charakteristische Bodenformen auf Spitzbergen. Naturh. Ver. preussischen Rheinlande u. Westfalens, Medizinisch-naturw. Gesell. Münster Sitzungsber., Sitzung 26 Feb. 1912; p. 1-42.
Mortensen, Hans, 1932 - Über die physikalische Möglichkeit der "Brodel" - Hypothese. Centralbl. Mineralog., v. 1932, Abt. B; p. 417-422.
Müller, Fritz, 1954 - Frostbodenerscheinungen in NE- und N-Groenland. Zürich Univ., Philos. Fakultät II, Diplomarbeit für das Höhere Lehramt in Geographie; 221 pp. (thesis).
Neal, J. T, 1966 - Polygonal sandstone features in Boundary Butte anticline area, San Juan County, Utah. Discussion Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 77; p. 1327-1329.
Nieland, Hans, 1930 - Über Erscheinungen des Bodenfrostes und Auftaubodens in Westgrönland. Zeitschr. Gletscherkunde, v. 18; p. 346-351.
Pataleev, A. V., 1955 - Morozoboinye treshchiny v gruntakh (Frost fissures in grounds). Priroda, v. 44, no. 12; p. 84-85.
Péwé, T. L.,1959 - Sand-wedge polygons (Tesselations) in the McMurdo Sound Region, Antarctica A progress report. Am. Jour. Sci., v. 257; p. 545-552.
Péwé, T. L., 1966 – Ice-wedges in Alaska - classification, distribution, and climatic significance, p. 76-81, in: Permafrost International Conference (Lafayette, Ind., 11-15 Nov., 1963) proceedings. Natl. Acad. Sci., Natl. Research Council pub. 1287, 1966; 563 pp.
Pissart, A., 1964a - Contribution expérimentale à la genèse des sols polygonaux. Soc. Géol. Belgique, Annales, v. 87 (1963-1964), Bull. 7; p. B214-B223.
Pissart, A., 1964b - Vitesses des mouvements du sol au Chambeyron (Basses Alpes). Biuletyn Peryglacjalny, no. 14; p. 303-309.
Pissart, A., 1966 - Expériences et observations à propos de la genèse des sols polygonaux triés. Rev. Belge Géogr., v. 90, pt. 1; p. 55-73.
Poser, Hans, 1931 - Beiträge zur Kenntnis der arktischen Bodenformen. Geol. Rundschau, v. 22; p. 200 -231.
Poser, Hans, 1932 - Einige Untersuchungen zur Morphologie Ostgrönlands. Medd. om Grønland, v. 94, no. 5; 55 pp.
Poser, Hans, 1933 - Das Problem des Strukturbodens. Geol. Rundschau, v. 24; p. 105-121.
Raup, H. M., 1965 - The structure and development of turf hummocks in the Mesters Vig district, Northeast Greenland. Medd. om Grønland, v. 166, no. 3; 112 pp.
Schenk, Erwin, 1955a - Die Mechanik der periglazialen Strukturböden. Hessischen Landesamtes für Bodenforschung Abh. 13; 92 pp.
Schenk, Erwin, 1955b - Die periglazialen Strukturbodenbildungen als Folgen der Hydratationsvorgänge im Baden. Eiszeitalter u. Gegenwart, v. 6; p. 170-184.
Schmertmann, J. H., and Taylor, R. S., 1965 - Quantitative data from a patterned ground site over permafrost. U. S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory Research Rept. 96; 76 pp.
Segerstrom, Kenneth, 1950 - Erosion studies at Paricutin, State of Michoacán, Mexico. U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 965-A; p. 1-151.
Shrock, R. R., 1948 - Sequence in layered rocks. New York, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc.; 507 pp.
Smith, D. I., 1961 - Operation Hazen - The geomorphology of the Lake: Hazen region, N.W.T. McGill Univ., Geog. Dept. Misc. Papers, 2; 100 pp.
Sørensen, Thorvald, 1935 - Bodenformen und Planzendecke in Nordostgrönland. Medd. om Grønland, v. 93, no. 4; 69 pp.
Springer, M. E., 1958 - Desert pavement and vesicular layer of some soils of the desert of the Lahontan Basin, Nevada. Soil. Sci. Soc. America Proc., v. 22; p. 63-66.
Steche, Hans, 1933 - Beiträge zur Frage des Strukturböden. Sächsischen Akad. Wiss. Leipzig, Math.-phys. Kl., Ber., v. 85; p. 193-272.
Taber, Stephen, 1929 - Frost heaving. Jour. Geology, v. 37; p. 428-461.
Taber, Stephen, 1943 - Perennially frozen ground in Alaska: its origin and history. Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 54; p. 1433-1458.
Tedrow, J. C. F., 1965 - Concerning genesis of the buried organic matter in tundra soil. Soil. Sci. Soc. America Proc., v. 29, no. 1; p. 89-90.
Tricart, Jean, 1954 - Premiers résultats d'expériences de solifluxion périglaciaire. Acad. sci. (Paris), Comptes rendus, v. 238; p. 259-261.
Tricart, Jean, 1963 - Géomorphologie des régions froides. Paris, Presses Universitaires de France; 289 pp.
Ugolini, F. C., 1965 - The recognition of Arctic Brown Soils in Northeast Greenland. Arctic, v. 18; p. 49-51.
Ugolini, F. C., 1966 - Soils of the Mesters Vig district, Northeast Greenland. 2. Exclusive of Arctic Brown and Podzol-like soils. Medd. om Grønland, v. 176, no. 2; 25 pp.
Washburn, A. L., 1947 - Reconnaissance geology of portions of Victoria Island and adjacent regions, Arctic Canada. Geol. Soc. America Mem. 22; 142 pp.
Washburn, A. L., 1950 - Patterned ground. Rev. Canadienne Géographie, v. 4, no. 3-4; p. 5-59.
Washburn, A. L., 1956 - Classification of patterned ground and review of suggested origins. Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 67; p. 823-865.
Washburn, A. L., 1965 - Geomorphic and vegetational studies in the Mesters Vig district, Northeast Greenland - General introduction. Medd. om Grønland, v. 166, no. 1; 60 pp.
Washburn, A. L., 1967 - Instrumental observations of mass-wasting in the Mesters Vig district, Northeast Greenland. Medd. om Grønland, v. 166, no. 4; 296 pp.
Washburn, A. L., 1969 - Weathering, frost action, and patterned ground in the Mesters Vig district, Northeast Greenland. Medd. om Grønland, v. 176; no. 4
Washburn, A. L., and Stuiver, Minzi, 1962 - Radiocarbon-dated postglacial delevelling in Northeast Greenland and its implications. Arctic, v. 15; p. 66-73.
Washburn, A. L., Sanders, J. E., and Flint, R. F., 1963 - A convenient nomenclature for poorly sorted sediments. Jour. Sed. Petrology, v33; p. 478-480.
Washburn, A. L., Smith, D. D., and Goddard, R. H., 1963 - Frost cracking in a middle-latitude climate. Biuletyn Peryglacjalny, no. 12; p. 175-189.
White, W. A., 1961 - Colloid phenomena in sedimentation of argillaceous rocks. Jour. Sed. Petrology, v. 31; p. 560-570.
Willden Ronald and Mabey, D. R., 1961 - Giant desiccation fissures on the Black Rock and Smoke Creek deserts, Nevada. Science, v. 133; p. 1359-1360.
Williams, P. J., 1959 - The development and significance of stony earth circles. Norske Vidensk.-Akad. Oslo, I. Mat.-natury. Kl. 1959, no. 3; 14 p.
Williams, P. J., 1961 - Climatic factors controlling the distribution of certain frozen ground phenomena. Geografiska Annaler, v. 43; p. 339-347.
Wollny, E., 1897 - Untersuchungen über die Volumveränderung der Bodenarten. Forschungen auf dem Gebiete der Agrikultur-Physik, v. 20 (1897-98); p. 1-52.
